Yuvijen
UGC NET Labour Welfare
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I : Principles and Practices of Management
1
Welcome
Authors
Syllabus
My Progress
I : Principles and Practices of Management
Evolution of Management Thought
2
Development of Management Thought: Pre-Scientific Contributions, Classical School, Neo-classical and Behavioural Movement, Modern Approaches and Recent Contributions
3
Approaches to Management: The Management Theory Jungle, Eleven Schools, McKinsey 7-S and Choosing the Right Approach
Functions of Management
4
Functions of Management: Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing, Controlling and Coordinating — the Five Classifications
II : Human Resource Management
HRM Foundations
5
Human Resource Management: Conceptual Framework — Nature, Scope, Objectives, Functions, PM-vs-HRM Distinction, Models (Harvard, Michigan, Ulrich) and Modern Challenges
6
Human Resource Planning and Job Analysis: HRP Process, Forecasting Methods, Job Description and Specification, KSAOs, and Job Design (Rotation, Enlargement, Enrichment and the Hackman-Oldham Model)
7
Recruitment, Selection, Placement and Induction: Sources, Methods, Selection Process, Tests and Interviews, Yield Ratios, Validity-Reliability and Socialisation
Performance, Compensation and Trends
8
Training and Development: Concept, Needs Analysis, On-the-Job and Off-the-Job Methods, Learning Theories, and the Kirkpatrick-Phillips Evaluation Models
9
Performance Management and Job Evaluation: Appraisal Methods (Ranking, BARS, MBO, 360°), Rating Errors, and Job-Evaluation Systems (Ranking, Classification, Point and Factor-Comparison)
10
Compensation, Benefits and Career Management: Wage Structure, Incentive Plans (Taylor, Halsey, Rowan, Gantt), Fringe Benefits, ESOPs, Career Stages and Succession Planning
11
New Trends in HRM: Strategic HRM, HR Analytics, Talent Management, Employee Engagement, Gig Workforce, Diversity-Equity-Inclusion, Workplace Wellness and the Future of Work
III : Human Resource Development and IHRM
Human Resource Development
12
Human Resource Development: Concept, Goals, Mechanisms (Performance Appraisal, Counselling, Career Planning, Training, OD, Rewards), Pareek-Rao Framework and HRD as a Sub-System
13
HRD Culture, Climate and Interventions: Schein’s Three Levels of Culture, HRD Climate Survey, OD Interventions and Quality of Work Life
14
HR Accounting, HR Audit and Knowledge Management: Measurement of Human Capital, HR Audit Approaches, and Tacit-Explicit Knowledge in Organisations
International Human Resource Management
15
International Human Resource Management: Concepts, Approaches (EPRG), Expatriate Management, Cross-Border Compensation, Repatriation and the Morgan-Schuler Models
16
Cross-Cultural Studies and Cultural Diversity: Hofstede’s Dimensions, Trompenaars’s Seven Cultures, Hall’s High-Low Context, GLOBE Study, and Cultural Intelligence
17
Transnational Organisations and IHRM Models: Bartlett-Ghoshal Typology, Integration-Responsiveness Framework, Heenan-Perlmutter Strategy Types and HR Challenges in the Transnational
IV : Organisational Behaviour
Foundations of Organisational Behaviour
18
Organisational Behaviour: Concept, Scope and Nature — Foundations, Three Levels of Analysis, Contributing Disciplines, OB Models and Hawthorne Roots
19
Personality, Perception and Learning: Big Five and 16-PF, Type A/B, Locus of Control, Perceptual Process and Biases, and Classical-Operant-Social Learning
20
Attitude and Motivation: ABC Components, Cognitive Dissonance, Job Satisfaction and the Motivation Theories of Maslow, Herzberg, McClelland, Vroom, Adams, Locke and Porter-Lawler
Group Behaviour and Leadership
21
Interpersonal Behaviour and Group Dynamics: Johari Window, Transactional Analysis, Group Types, Tuckman’s Five Stages, Cohesion, Groupthink and Team Effectiveness
22
Leadership and Communication: Trait-Behavioural-Contingency Theories (Fiedler, Path-Goal, Hersey-Blanchard, Vroom-Yetton), Transformational vs Transactional, and the Communication Process, Networks and Barriers
Power, Stress and Change
23
Power, Authority and Stress: French & Raven's Five Bases of Power, Weber's Types of Authority, Influence Tactics, Organisational Politics and the Sources, Consequences and Management of Workplace Stress
24
Organisational Change and Development: Forces, Types and Levels of Change, Lewin’s Three-Step and Force-Field, Kotter’s Eight Steps, OD Interventions, Resistance and the Learning Organisation
V : Industrial Relations and Trade Unions
Industrial Relations Foundations
25
Industrial Relations: Concept, Scope, Parties, Approaches (Unitary, Pluralist, Marxist, Dunlop’s Systems, Gandhian) and the Evolution of Indian IR
26
Conflict, Cooperation and Bipartism: Forms of Industrial Conflict, Strikes and Lock-outs, Cooperation, Works Committees, Joint Management Councils and the Bipartite Machinery
27
Collective Bargaining and Workers’ Participation in Management: Webb’s Origin, Walton-McKersie’s Four Sub-Processes, Types, Levels, Indian WPM Schemes and the Path to Industrial Democracy
Disciplinary Practice and Change
28
Grievance Handling and Disciplinary Action: Concept, Causes, Model Grievance Procedure, Section 9C Committee, Principles of Natural Justice, Hot Stove Rule and the Domestic Enquiry
29
Industrial Relations in a Changing Scenario: Liberalisation, Globalisation, Contractualisation, the Gig Economy, the Four Labour Codes and the Future of Work
Trade Unions
30
Trade Unions: Concept, Theories (Marx, Webb, Perlman, Tannenbaum, Hoxie), Structure, Problems, Indian Evolution and Recognition under the IR Code 2020
31
The Trade Unions Act 1926: Background, Registration, Rights and Liabilities, Immunities (Sections 17 and 18), General and Political Funds, and the Position under the IR Code 2020
VI : Industrial Disputes
Industrial Disputes
32
Industrial Disputes: Concept, Factors (Economic, Managerial, Political, Psychological), Forms (Strikes, Lock-outs, Gheraos), Section 2(k) of the ID Act 1947 and Trends in Indian Disputes
33
Prevention and Settlement of Industrial Disputes: Preventive Measures, Conciliation, Boards, Courts, Labour Courts, Tribunals, Voluntary Arbitration (Section 10A) and the Industrial Tribunals under the IR Code 2020
34
Strikes and Lock-outs: Statutory Definitions, Prohibitions under Sections 22 to 25 of the ID Act 1947, Illegal Strikes, Wages during Stoppage, the T.K. Rangarajan Case, and the IR Code 2020
Statutes Governing Disputes
35
The Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act 1946: Object, Scope, Certification, Model Standing Orders, Schedule Matters, Modification, Subsistence Allowance and the IR Code 2020
36
The Industrial Disputes Act 1947: Object, Definitions, Authorities, Reference, Awards, Restrictions on Strikes and Lock-outs, Chapters V-A and V-B, Unfair Labour Practices, and the IR Code 2020
VII : Labour Legislation
Labour Legislation Foundations
37
Labour Legislation: Objectives, Principles, Classification and the Evolution of Indian Labour Law from the Factories Act 1881 to the Four Labour Codes 2019-2020
38
The International Labour Organisation (ILO): Founding, Tripartite Structure, Philadelphia Declaration, Eight Fundamental Conventions, India’s Ratification Record and the Decent Work Agenda
39
The Indian Constitution and Labour Laws: Preamble, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles (Articles 39 to 43A), Concurrent List Entries, the 42nd Amendment and Landmark Supreme Court Decisions
Workplace and Occupational Safety
40
The Factories Act 1948: Object, Key Definitions, Inspection Machinery, Health, Safety and Welfare Provisions, Working Hours, Young Persons, Annual Leave, Hazardous Processes and the OSH&WC Code 2020
41
The Mines Act 1952: Object, Definitions, Director-General of Mines Safety, Inspection, Working Hours (Above Ground vs Below Ground), Prohibition of Women Underground, Accident Notification, Welfare and the OSH&WC Code 2020
Specialised Labour Statutes
42
The Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1979: Background, Key Definitions, Registration and Licensing, Displacement and Journey Allowance, Wages and Welfare, the COVID-19 Migration Crisis and the OSH&WC Code 2020
43
The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act 1970: Object, Definitions, Advisory Boards, Registration of Principal Employer, Licensing of Contractor, Welfare Provisions, Section 10 Prohibition, Steel Authority Judgment and the OSH&WC Code 2020
44
The Building and Other Construction Workers Act 1996 and the Welfare Cess Act 1996: Cess-Funded Welfare Model, Definitions, Registration, Welfare Boards, Safety and Health, the National Campaign Committee Judgments and the Position under the Code on Social Security 2020
45
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act 1986 and the 2016 Amendment: Constitutional Foundation, Key Definitions, Prohibitions, Schedule of Hazardous Occupations, M.C. Mehta Judgment, Rehabilitation Fund, India’s Ratification of C-138 and C-182 and the Position under the Code on Social Security 2020
VIII : Wages and Wage Legislation
Wage Theory and Determination
46
Wages — Concept, Statutory Definitions, Types (Nominal, Real, Basic, Gross, Net), the Indian Wage Hierarchy (Minimum, Fair, Living, Need-Based), the Fair Wages Committee 1948, the 15th ILC 1957 Aykroyd Formula, Six Classical Wage Theories, and the Code on Wages 2019
47
Factors Influencing Wages and Wage Differentials — Supply-Demand, Ability to Pay, Cost of Living, Productivity, Union Strength, Government Policy, Wage Differentials by Occupation, Industry, Region, Firm and Person, the Gender Pay Gap, Article 39(d) and the Equal Remuneration Act 1976
Wage Statutes
48
The Minimum Wages Act 1948: Object, Constitutional Foundation, Definitions, Scheduled Employments, Fixation and Revision (Committee and Notification Methods), Advisory Boards, Working Hours and Overtime, Penalties, Reptakos Brett (1992) and the Code on Wages 2019
49
The Payment of Wages Act 1936: Object, Constitutional Foundation, Coverage and Wage Ceiling, Responsibility for Payment, Time of Payment (Section 5), Authorised Deductions (Sections 7-13), Deduction Limits (50% / 75%), Claims, Penalties and the Code on Wages 2019
50
The Payment of Bonus Act 1965: Bonus Commission 1961, Object, Applicability, Eligibility, the Salary Ceiling (Rs 21,000) and Calculation Cap (Rs 7,000), Gross Profits and Allocable Surplus, Minimum 8.33 % and Maximum 20 % Bonus, Set-On and Set-Off, Disqualification, Recovery and the Code on Wages 2019
51
The Equal Remuneration Act 1976: ILO Convention 100 (1951), India’s Ratification (1958), Object, Definitions of “Same Work or Work of a Similar Nature”, Prohibition of Discrimination in Remuneration and Recruitment (Sections 4-5), Mackinnon Mackenzie (1987), Nargesh Meerza (1981), Randhir Singh (1982) and the Code on Wages 2019
Gratuity and Provident Fund
52
The Payment of Gratuity Act 1972: Object, Applicability, Five-Year Continuous Service, Calculation Formula (15 Days’ Wages × Years), Ceiling (Rs 20 Lakh), Forfeiture, Controlling Authority and the Code on Social Security 2020
53
The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952: Three Schemes (EPF, EPS, EDLI), Applicability (20+), Wage Ceiling (Rs 15,000), Contributions (12 % + 12 %), EPS 1995, EDLI 1976, EPFO, Universal Account Number (UAN) and the Code on Social Security 2020
IX : Labour Welfare and Social Security
Labour Welfare and Workplace Health
54
Labour Welfare: Concept, Definitions, Scope, Classification (Intra-Mural / Extra-Mural · Statutory / Voluntary / Mutual), Approaches (Philanthropic, Paternalistic, Religious, Social), Indian Welfare Committees, Welfare Funds and the Code on Social Security 2020
55
Industrial Health and Hygiene: Concept and Scope, Occupational Health Hazards (Physical · Chemical · Biological · Ergonomic · Psychosocial), Industrial Hygiene Cycle (Anticipation · Recognition · Evaluation · Control), Statutory Health Provisions (Sections 11-20 Factories Act, ESI Act 1948) and the OSH&WC Code 2020
56
Industrial Accidents and Safety: Definition, Heinrich's Domino, Bird's Pyramid, Causes (Unsafe Acts / Conditions), Frequency and Severity Rates, Safety Programmes, Statutory Safety (Sections 21-41 Factories Act), Safety Committee, Safety Officer, Disaster Management and the OSH&WC Code 2020
57
Occupational Diseases: Definition and Recognition, Common Diseases (Silicosis, Asbestosis, Byssinosis, Pneumoconiosis, Lead/Mercury Poisoning, Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Repetitive Strain Injury), Third Schedule Factories Act, Schedule III Employees’ Compensation Act, ESI Disablement Benefit and the Code on Social Security 2020
Social Security
58
Social Security: Concept and Scope, Beveridge’s Five Giants, ILO Convention 102 (1952) Nine Contingencies, Indian Architecture (EPF, ESI, Maternity, Gratuity, Compensation), Atal Pension, PMSYM, e-Shram, the Code on Social Security 2020 and Universal Social Protection
59
Social Assistance and Social Insurance: Concept, Distinction, Three Pillars (Insurance · Assistance · Universal), Indian Schemes (NSAP, IGNOAPS, Widow, Disability Pension; ESI; EPF), Funding Models, Coverage Gaps and the Code on Social Security 2020
X : Labour Market
Labour Market Foundations
60
Labour Market: Concept, Features (Heterogeneity, Non-Commodity Nature, Imperfect Information, Geographic Immobility, Institutional Influences), Composition (Organised / Unorganised; Formal / Informal; Sectoral), Functions, Distinguishing from Commodity Markets and Indian Labour Market Indicators
61
Demand and Supply of Labour: Derived Demand, Marginal Revenue Product (MRP) and VMP, Determinants of Demand and Supply, Backward-Bending Supply Curve (Income vs Substitution Effect), Elasticity of Labour Demand (Hicks-Marshall Four Laws), Wage Determination and the Indian Labour Market Context
62
Indian Labour Force: Nature, Size, Composition (Rural-Urban, Male-Female, Sectoral, Organised-Unorganised, Self-Employed-Regular-Casual), Demographic Profile, Demographic Dividend, NCEUS Definitions, PLFS Indicators and Recent Trends
Employment and Market Types
63
Unemployment and Underemployment: Concept, Types (Frictional, Structural, Cyclical, Seasonal, Disguised, Educated, Open), Underemployment (Visible and Invisible), Measurement (Usual / CWS / CDS Status), Indian Trends, Phillips Curve, Okun’s Law, NAIRU, Youth Unemployment, Causes, Policy Responses and the Code on Social Security 2020
64
Types of Labour Markets: Perfectly Competitive vs Imperfect, Monopsony, Bilateral Monopoly, Internal vs External, Primary vs Secondary (Dual), Segmented (Race / Gender / Caste), Formal vs Informal, Local / National / Global, Spot vs Career, Gig and Platform Markets
Indian Labour Market
65
Characteristics of the Indian Labour Market: Surplus Labour, Dominance of Agriculture and Informal Sector, Low Female LFPR, High Self-Employment, Skill Mismatch, Caste / Gender Segmentation, Wage Inequality, Internal Migration, Jobless Growth and Constraints on the Demographic Dividend
66
New Dynamics of the Indian Labour Market: Liberalisation, Globalisation, Technology and AI, Gig and Platform Work, Remote Work and Hybrid Models, Skill India, Female Re-Entry, Four Labour Codes (2019-20), e-Shram, Make-in-India / PLI and Future of Work
67
Economic Systems and the Labour Market: Capitalism, Socialism, Mixed and Welfare-State Models, Labour Markets Under Each, Wage and Employment Determination, India’s Mixed Economy, From Planning to Liberalisation, and the Welfare State Debate
68
Problems of Labour in India: Low Wages and Poverty, Job Insecurity, Informality, Child and Bonded Labour, Gender and Caste Discrimination, Migrant Labour Vulnerability, Skill Gap, Health and Safety, Social Security Gap, Trade Union Weakness, Unemployment, Future-of-Work Risks and Policy Responses
References
I : Principles and Practices of Management
Module I · 3 Topics
Evolution of Management Thought
1
Development of Management Thought
2
Approaches to Management
Functions of Management
3
Functions of Management
My Progress
2
Development of Management Thought: Pre-Scientific Contributions, Classical School, Neo-classical and Behavioural Movement, Modern Approaches and Recent Contributions